Every year on March 20, the world comes together to commemorate World Oral Health Day, a vital opportunity to shed light on the importance of oral health.
While this may seem like just another health awareness campaign, oral health is an essential component of overall well-being that deserves our attention. This year's theme is a call to action to address the growing oral health crisis in the country and across Africa.
The state of oral health in Africa Oral diseases are shockingly prevalent in Africa, with a 44% prevalence rate across the continent, according to recent data from the World Health Organization (WHO).
These diseases include dental caries (tooth decay), gum disease, and tooth loss conditions that are preventable yet often overlooked.
Even more alarming is the persistence of noma, a devastating oral disease that primarily affects young children in regions of extreme poverty.
Noma, also known as cancrum oris, is a rapidly progressing, severe gangrenous disease of the mouth and face, primarily affecting malnourished children and those with poor oral hygiene, often leading to facial disfigurement and difficulties with speaking and eating.
If left untreated, noma has a fatality rate of 90%, and survivors often face life-long impairments, disfigurement, and stigma.
South Africans are not immune to these challenges. While the country has made strides in healthcare, oral health often remains on the back burner. Poor oral health disproportionately affects marginalised communities, reflecting broader inequalities in access to healthcare services.
Why oral health should be a priority Oral health is not just about having a bright smile or fresh breath. It is intricately linked to your overall health.
Studies have shown that oral diseases share common risk factors tobacco use, excessive alcohol consumption, high sugar intake, and poor diets with major noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) like diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer.
In South Africa, where NCDs are already a significant public health concern, ignoring oral health could exacerbate the burden on the healthcare system.
According to Dr Matshidiso Moeti, WHO Regional Director for Africa, "While the most prevalent of noncommunicable diseases, oral health diseases are preventable and treatable.
"It’s crucial for countries to do more to increase access to affordable prevention and care services and ensure that people are equipped with the knowledge and skill on promoting oral health."
Here are some of the surprising health risks linked to poor oral hygiene:
1. Increased risk of heart disease
Gum disease (periodontitis) has been linked to an increased risk of heart attacks, strokes, and high blood pressure. Bacteria from inflamed gums can enter the bloodstream, causing inflammation in the arteries.
2. Worsening diabetes symptoms
Poor oral hygiene can make diabetes harder to control. Infections in the gums can increase blood sugar levels, making diabetes management more challenging.
3. Respiratory infections
Bacteria from the mouth can be inhaled into the lungs, increasing the risk of pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and other respiratory issues.
4. Digestive problems
Poor oral health can affect digestion, as chewing problems and oral infections impact how food is broken down and absorbed in the gut, leading to stomach issues and malnutrition.
5. Weakened immune system
Persistent oral infections can put stress on the immune system, making it harder for the body to fight off illnesses. For South Africans, this means taking proactive steps, both individually and collectively:
Adopt healthy habits: Brushing twice a day, flossing, and reducing sugar intake can significantly lower the risk of dental issues.
Regular check-ups: Visiting the dentist at least once a year, even if there are no visible issues, can help catch problems early.
Community awareness: Schools and community organisations can play a crucial role in educating children and adults about the importance of oral health.